{"id":35665,"date":"2022-05-27T19:40:25","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T23:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/?p=35665"},"modified":"2022-05-27T19:40:25","modified_gmt":"2022-05-27T23:40:25","slug":"neptune-is-cooler-than-we-thought","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/2022\/05\/neptune-is-cooler-than-we-thought\/","title":{"rendered":"Neptune is Cooler Than We Thought"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientists are constantly learning about the other planets in our solar system. It\u2019s not something that many people think about, but other planets have weather phenomena that\u2019s just as dramatic and diverse as ours, if not more! Recently, researchers just made a perplexing discovery about Neptune\u2019s climate; one which is shrouded in mystery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a study published in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Planetary Science Journal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, after analyzing over 100 infrared images of the planet Neptune, a team of researchers, including scientists from NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, discovered Neptune\u2019s stratosphere has cooled roughly 8 degrees Celsius (fourteen degrees Fahrenheit) between 2003 and 2018 (ScienceDaily).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-35666 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-scaled-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-24x18.jpg 24w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-36x27.jpg 36w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-48x36.jpg 48w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/nasa-m35LirqP6y8-unsplash-scaled.jpg 1750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/m35LirqP6y8\">Image Credit<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The researchers used data from NASA\u2019s Spitzer Space Telescope, the Subaru Telescope, the Keck Telescope, the Gemini South and North telescopes, and the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope , collected over a 17 year period. Since Neptune is a great distance from Earth, observing its temperatures has only been possible for the past two decades or so, ever since large telescopes like these became available to scientists (Sci-News).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since 2005, the planet has been in its southern summer season which lasts approximately 40 years. Because it is experiencing its summer season, scientists expected temperatures to have been gradually warming instead of cooling, making the results of the study especially eye-opening. Between 2018 and 2020, scientists were also surprised to find that Neptune\u2019s south pole had risen 11 degrees Celsius. This is the first time that polar warming of this rate has been observed on the planet (ScienceDaily).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to how sudden and unexpected the observations were, the cause for these changes are unknown, although the researchers involved in the study have several theories. \u201cTemperature variations may be related to seasonal changes in Neptune\u2019s atmospheric chemistry,\u201d said Dr. Michael Roman, the lead author on the paper, \u201cbut random variability in weather patterns or even a response to the 11-year solar activity cycle may also have an effect\u201d (ScienceDaily).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientists hope that further observation of Neptune from the James Webb Space Telescope in the coming months may provide an explanation as to the baffling temperature fluctuations. The James Webb Space Telescope\u2019s advanced mid-infrared instrument, MIRI, will allow scientists to more clearly understand the chemistry of Neptune\u2019s atmosphere. Mapping this and the temperatures through the telescope will help to figure out why these changes have been happening on the ice giant (ScienceDaily).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-35667 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-scaled-500x334.jpg 500w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-24x16.jpg 24w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-36x24.jpg 36w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-48x32.jpg 48w, https:\/\/nstem.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brett-ritchie-1vKTnwLMdqs-unsplash-scaled.jpg 1750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/1vKTnwLMdqs\">Image Credit<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GIANTCLIMES, the project which this study was funded by, was previously involved in studying the atmospheric temperatures of the gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, and ice giant Uranus. GIANTCLIMES has three main objectives: to study and record climate cycles on giant planets, analyze the stratospheres of Saturn and Jupiter over long periods, and to study the ice giants. With the James Webb Space Telescope, GIANTCLIMES hopes to create the first spatial maps of the ice giants (Cordis).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These discoveries have thoroughly challenged the current understanding scientists have of Neptune\u2019s atmospheric variability and go to show how much is still unknown about the planets right here in our own solar system. We have only scratched the surface in researching these distant planets, and over the coming years, a treasure trove of information is sure to be uncovered by teams of scientists like the ones that discovered the temperature fluctuations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Written by: Matthew Jenkins<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Date: May 15, 2022<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptune is cooler than we thought: Study reveals unexpected changes in atmospheric temperatures. (2022, April 11). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ScienceDaily<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/04\/220411101321.htm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptune is Cooler than Astronomers Thought | Sci-News.com<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. (2022, April 11). Breaking Science News | Sci-News.Com. http:\/\/www.sci-news.com\/astronomy\/cooler-neptune-10697.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CORDIS | European Commission<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. (2021, March). European Commission. https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/723890<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists are constantly learning about the other planets in our solar system. It\u2019s not something that many people think about, but other planets have weather phenomena that\u2019s just as dramatic and diverse as ours, if not more! Recently, researchers just made a perplexing discovery about Neptune\u2019s climate; one which is shrouded in mystery. &nbsp; According [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[705,707,708,704,710,709,706,214,466,211],"persona":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-35665","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-blog","8":"tag-astronomy","9":"tag-jameswebbspacetelescope","10":"tag-jwst","11":"tag-neptune","12":"tag-planets","13":"tag-solarsystem","14":"tag-spacescience","15":"tag-nasa","16":"tag-space","17":"tag-stem","18":"pmpro-has-access","19":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.2 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neptune is Cooler Than We Thought National STEM\u2122 Honor Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists are constantly learning about the other planets in our solar system. 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